Career Plan Essay Example for Free

Career Plan Essay I have completed the career profiler. I have learned that I am conventional, enterprising, and social. I am very detail orientated. My strengths include organizing, delivering results, following instructions, coping with pressure, entrepreneurial thinking, and I am goal focused. The career profiler accurately described my strengths. My work culture results were ethical, supportive, and well resourced. I believe in fairness and respect among all people. Each person needs to be responsible for their actions and learn from them. Support is a key point to any management position. A manger needs to be able to listen to their employees and focus on their welfare. A mangers role is to make their employees successful. I believe that this course has taught me to be a charismatic leader with a democratic style of leadership. I also like a well resourced company. In order to be successful at your job the company must have the resources for you to achieve. Working for a disorganized employer is very discouraging for an employee. I have also learned my weaknesses that I need to work on to further my career. I have learned that I need to working on my leading, networking, persuading, writing, presenting, and researching. I plan to work on these areas by becoming more confident and learning new techniques to improve on these skills. During this class I have learned new techniques and leadership theories that I can build on. I plan on building on the leadership theories so that I can prepare for Management Candidate School through USAA.

Emigration Essay Example for Free

Emigration Essay Emigration refers to the process of an individual or a group of people living their place of origin or residence country to live in another country. The concept of emigration is very much similar to immigration except for the native country. It is usually used to describe the act and phenomenon that characterizes human movement between establishment states or boundaries. The act of emigration usually occurs for various reasons; some people might decide to emigrate for political, economic as well as social reasons and others for such personal reasons like the desire to find a spouse while visiting another country and in the process emigrating to settle with them in other cases, old couples may decide to move from cold climates in order to settle in warm climates so as to spend the rest of their lives (Terra D. , 2000). This paper is about the benefits and disadvantages of emigration as a process. It also tackles the issues that have been debated on increasing the number of legal emigrants to the United States. Even though the emigration phenomenon has many ups, often, there are a few downs that come with its. Thus, it is important for both the individual and the states concerned to consider these aspects, before the emigration process is complete. In the U. S there has been a recent political heat generated by both the legal and illegal emigrants to America. Various factors like the war on drugs, terrorism, as well as the national deficit have entirely added the momentum to the debate on emigration. It is projects that by 2015, the total population of emigrants in the U. S would be at about 420 million people. The population of the Hispanics who emigrated from Mexico could be at 100 million, which make about 57 percent of the total number of emigrants to U. S. The U. S offers individuals a chance that often change many lives. For example, a large number of intelligence and ambitious persons, who are seemingly dissatisfied with the state of affairs in the mother countries often, bring these skills to America. The net effect by this is that the country of origin usually loses its most skilled personnel through the brain drain process. This will hinder the development progress of the country. On the other hand the country of destination often benefit from this process as it gets to get the best-trained and skilled personnel (Terra D. , 2000). In fact English and other European citizens who risked a great deal of their lives to sail across the sea founded the U. S. The products processed the skilled individuals can help improve the lives o the people in the mother countries who may not hence have had the technology to provide them in spite of the human resource. Emigration also increases the diversity of a country and its population and at the same time expands the culture of the destination country. The multi-ethnic religion languages and cultures is in America is mothered by other nation; the aspect of diversity offers a more tolerant population which is superficially than the indigenous population. It often presents new ideas perspectives music and food, the world of entertainment is often awash with new ideas and different customs among others that were originally not present. The emigrants in most cases take up the low paying jobs that are labor intensive but which must be done all the same and are usually shunned by the indigenous population. Similarly the additional cheap labor that is provided for by the emigrants aids the flexibility of business resulting in affordable prices better quality products as well as higher profits. One of the factors that affect the cost of doing business is labor thus, when most firms are faced with the crisis of doing low skill jobs like cleaning rooms they are bound to raise wages as high as possible so as to meet the demand or eliminate them altogether. Even though the prospect of higher wages sounds good for the employees it often means higher prices or that the business must operate within lower profit margins would translate to lower stock prices and thus less investment in dollar inflow. However the option of eliminating the positions altogether is not a viable one. As for one the business denies individuals the opportunity to employment on positions it can offer and that the service offered will also be of low quality. For instance the quality of food served would be compromised if dishes cannot be properly cleaned. These issues can best be solved if the base of the labor pool is expanded through the legal emigration process being increased (http://www. balancedpolitics. org/immigration. htm). The emigration phenomenon presents individuals who are struggling in their places of origin the chance for a better life. The history of America is built on individuals who emigrated to U. S and in the process sought opportunity, political as well as religious freedom among other various factors. For instance people should pose in the midst of the debate and ask themselves very pertinent questions like whether emigration are of any significance for America and also understand the issue from the perspective of the emigrant for example imagine you were the emigrant who was faced with starvation, detention without trial or risked hanging for practicing a faith that you so much believed in. r worse still you would not afford other basic human rights like expression the right for free education, medical care among others. Faced with this kind of dilemma anyone would opt for any alternative that is able to offer him or her a better chance to live. The United States is built or the backbone or such individuals who have sacrificed much to achieve this. There are equally very pertinent issues that have been rais ed by the opponents of the emigration process. For example the inflow of may emigrants posses the risk of many opportunities for terrorists drug dealers as well as other criminals to gain access to the country legally. As was demonstrated in the 9/11 tragedy most of the perpetrators legally emigrated to US thus, any chance that would increase the opportunities for entering the country only enhances the possibility of having many terrorists and drug dealers. Once they gain entry they have the freedom to wreck have however still the illegal emigrants pose more threat than the legal ones, as there are no proper records to help trace them (http://www. alancedpolitics. org/immigration. htm). There is also the perception that the emigrant particularly the poorer ones often are a burden on the tax payers in terms of healthcare education welfare among others as they consume more than they are able to give. A majority of emigrants to the United States often starts in the job market at very low wages unless they receive additional training. Apparently the tax system makes the provision of keeping low-income earners exempt from being taxed. This often translates to the case where the level of government resources needed for social security welfare healthcare and other activities like unemployment compensation among others will heavily be increased on the groups on a large that either pays very little or no taxes at all The other issue that is often raised in this debate is that the National identity of the Americans as well the language is slowly disappearing when for instance the debate on the issue of emigrants hotel up, there were numerous protests anti American slurs and Spanish version of the American anthem. This does not auger well for national cohesion, as people would be pulling apart in classes like race, tribes, and religion among others. The other problem that is presented by the emigrants is that less skilled American citizens will continue to earn less and at the same opportunities for this group will diminish as they are in competition with the emigrants. Thus, if the government pumps in more people seeking job opportunities, the amount of opportunities for work decreases. In addition the laws of economic supply as well as demand would certainly push the wages paid to the workers down further than they would be. However with a committed government policy and economic growth some of these fears can be eliminated. In effect the act by the government to decrease or altogether eliminate the chance of legal emigration to the U. S will only serve to create a strong desire for more people to entry the country illegally, Which will eventually result in less assimilation and at the same time fewer taxpaying as well as law abiding citizens in America (Fitzgerald D. , Waldinger R. , 2004 ). Many people have emigrated from their countries to America as the prospect of having a real chance of bettering their lives their children or family. Majorities of the people who have emigrated to American have often been characterized as those who would do all in their capacity just to gain access whether legally or not. This has forced illegal emigrants to often hide. As such they will not formally attend America schools, file tax returns like the rest of the citizens or any other typical activities that Americans undertake. Besides if they are able to break the law by gaining entry in to the country illegally there is no guarantee that this act will stop once they come to America. Consequently the legal emigrants and in particular those that plan to permanently settle in the U.  S are and must pay taxes and will most likely go to school to learn like the rests of the American population. Similarly since they are legally in America, they are less likely to hide and will easily assimilate with the rest of the prospect of losing national identity, language and culture. Finally they can also engage and earn the right to vote and at the same time participate in the political process which basically means they are able to develop a decision making stake in shaping the future of America. Therefore emigration as a process has much to offer for both the country of origin and the designate one.

Research on Effects of Sibling Birth on Jealousy

Research on Effects of Sibling Birth on Jealousy The Birth of a Sibling: Companion or Competition? Samantha A. Sang Sibling relationships that develop a balance of nurturance and conflict can provide numerous learning opportunities for young children (Volling, McElwain, Miller, 2002). For instance, children can learn other’s perspectives, learn different strategies to resolve conflict, as well as learn to regulate their own emotions. Specifically, younger siblings who experience a balance of nurturance and conflict in their sibling relationships have been found to be more socially skilled and have more positive peer relationships compared with children who lack the sibling experience (Volling et al., 2002).Thus, it is not the absence of conflict rather how conflict is resolved that benefits the quality of a sibling relationship. Sibling conflict refers to the â€Å"unique interpersonal dyadic dynamics of sibling interactions, which may be motivated by, but not synonymous with sibling jealousy† (Volling et. al., 2002). It is well-known that parents cannot attend and respond to both c hildrens needs at all times; thus, jealousy could very well be a normal, perhaps daily, experience for young children. Older siblings are often thought of as â€Å"leaders, managers, and teachers† of their younger siblings during critical periods of development (e.g., preschool, middle-childhood; Kolak, Volling, 2011). Moreover, older siblings are the more dominant person in the sibling relationship and can exert more influence on the sibling relationship throughout childhood. Previous research has shown that older siblings’ behavior toward their younger siblings is more stable from preschool through middle childhood than younger siblings’ behavior toward their older siblings (Kolak, Volling, 2011). This stability, along with the more dominant role of older siblings, may explain why older siblings’ jealousy reactions are stronger predictors of the sibling relationship quality many years later (Kolak, Volling, 2011). Sibling Jealousy Jealousy is a complex social emotion. Complex because it is not simply a single emotional expression, but rather a patterned response of emotional affect, behavior, and cognitive appraisal (Volling, Yu, Gonzalez, Kennedy, Rosenberg, Oh, 2014). Intense debates have occurred among scholars in regards to the distinction between jealousy and envy; whether jealousy is a simple, complex, or blended emotion; and whether it is caused by threats to self-esteem or threats to a valued relationship (White and Mullen, 1989). Although different perspective exist, it is pivotal to understand that jealousy cannot be defined nor understood without reference to a social context (Volling, McElwain, Miller, 2002). Specifically, jealousy occurs in the context of a social triangle (White and Mullen, 1989). There are three dyadic relationships within the triangle in addition to the triadic relationship system: (a) the relationship between the jealous individual and the beloved, (b) the relationship between the beloved and the rival, and (c) the relationship between the jealous individual and the rival (White Mullen, 1989). In order to elicit jealousy, the relationship between the jealous person and the beloved must be a valued close relationship (e.g., mother-child). Furthermore, jealousy is elicited by the real or perceived loss of this relationship to a rival. It is not simply the loss of love that elicits jealousy; it is the loss of attention from the beloved to a rival (White Mullen, 1989). Hupka (1984) has shown that individuals in jealousy eliciting situations can feel a range of emotions including fear, anger, or even relief, depending on the individuals focus of attention with respect to the social triangle. For example, if individuals focus on the loss of the relationship, sadness may be reported; whereas, if individuals focus on the betrayal of their beloved, anger may be reported; and lastly, if individuals focus on being left alone, anxiety or fear may be reported (Hupka, 1984). Birth of a Sibling Elicits Sibling Jealousy The birth of a sibling can be a stressful life event for young children; consequently, firstborn children are likely to experience jealousy at the arrival of their infant sibling (Volling et. al., 2014). Past research indicates that young children are sensitive to the loss of attention to another. First, toddler and preschool children were aware of the interactions occurring between their mother and their sibling and often times, would try to disrupt the ongoing interaction (Dunn, 1988). Second, studies that addressed childhood jealousy have demonstrated that children as young as 1 year of age were sensitive to maternal attention directed toward an infant-size doll, a newborn infant or an unfamiliar peer (Volling et. al., 2002). So, it is not surprising that young children are aware of the loss of attention when a parent turns his or her attention from them and interacts with their infant sibling and this awareness elicits jealousy (Volling et. al., 2002). Jealousy can differ for individuals depending on their cognitive appraisal of the jealousy eliciting situation when they believe their relationship with their beloved is threatened by the rival (Kolak Volling, 2011). For instance, a child may appraise the infant sibling as a threat to their own mother-child relationship, feel anxious, and interfere in the mother–infant interaction, or a child may appraise their mother as inaccessible, feel sadness, and withdraw from the mother-infant interaction. The firstborn’s jealousy toward their infant sibling can impact their sibling relationship quality later in development. Children’s initial reactions three weeks after their sibling’s birth predicted their behavior with their mother and sibling at 14 months (Kendrick Dunn, 1982). For instance, children who were demanding and difficult shortly after their sibling’s birth protested the mother–sibling interaction more compared to children who positively approached their infant sibling (Kendrick Dunn, 1982). Moreover, children who were initially withdrawn were more likely to develop poor sibling relationships over time (Kendrick Dunn, 1982). Attachment as a Potential Moderator The Strange Situation (SS) is â€Å"a videotaped laboratory based procedure that consists of seven three-minute episodes including two parent–child separations and reunions† (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, Wall, 1978). Individual differences in infants’ attachment relationships can be classified as secure or insecure. Attachment classifications are based on the child’s ability to balance proximity and exploration and to obtain comfort when distressed from their mother (Ainsworth et. al., 1978). Not only do physical separations from mothers in the SS activate attachment behaviors, but so too does the child’s appraisal of their mother’s accessibility when caring for their infant sibling. The birth of a sibling may create disruptions in the relationship between the mother and her firstborn child that can lead to instability in their attachment relationship (Touris, Kromelow, Harding, 1995). Bowlby (1969) acknowledged that for most young children, â€Å"the mere sight of mother holding another baby in her arms is enough to elicit strong attachment behavior†. So, it is understandable that many of the behaviors associated with jealousy (e.g., clinging, touching, proximity seeking, and distress) are also attachment behaviors (Volling et. al., 2014). From an attachment perspective, children who have a secure attachment to their mother should explore freely, even when their mother is interacting with their infant sibling. They may monitor their mother’s whereabouts or the mother-infant interactions, but they should not disrupt the interaction. Whereas, insecurely attached children will cry and protest in response to their mother’s interactions with the ir infant sibling. They will stay in close proximity to their mother and may even physically interfere with the mother-infant interactions (Volling et. al., 2014). If witnessing the mother–infant interaction adequately engages attachment behaviors, then individual differences in children’s jealousy may reflect their internal working models of their attachment relationship with their mothers. The quality of sibling interaction has been related to the mother-child attachment relationship. Children who were insecurely attached to their mothers at 12 months of age were more aggressive in their conflicts with their younger sibling when they were 6-years-old (Volling et. al., 2014). On the other hand, Teti and Ablard (1989) found that more secure preschoolers were significantly more likely to react to their younger sibling’s distress than less securely attached preschoolers. Emotion Regulation as a Potential Moderator Early attachment relationships play a primary role in the development of young children’s emotion regulation development (Volling, 2001). Children whose mothers are sensitive and consistent to their children’s needs not only develop secure attachments to their mothers, but are also thought to develop a greater capacity to share affect, to enjoy social interactions, to maintain organized behavior during an emotionally arousing event, and to display empathy for others (Volling, 2001). In contrast, children whose emotional needs are repeatedly rejected by their mothers are more likely to develop insecure attachments and are also more likely to develop poor regulatory strategies whereby they minimize attention to their attachment relationship and minimize their emotional expressiveness (Volling, 2001). These children may become physiologically aroused in the face of stress, but may also remain expressionless so that they do not risk further rejection and anger on the part o f the mother (Volling, 2001). Emotion regulation consists of the extrinsic and intrinsic processes responsible for monitoring, evaluating, and modifying emotional reactions, especially their intensive and temporal features, to accomplish ones goals† (Thompson, 1994). Even though this definition emphasizes both internal and external processes, Campos and colleagues (1994) revealed that past research that examines emotion regulation focuses on the internal processes and rarely considers the external factors that may contribute to emotion regulation. Studies investigating the process of emotion regulation should include â€Å"the social context that elicited the need for regulation in the first place and that specifies the rules of proper conduct† (Campos, 1994). Specifically because jealousy cannot be fully understood without reference to the social context, it is pivotal to examine children’s emotion regulation skills as a potential moderator between the birth of a sibling and firstborn’ s feelings of jealousy. Young children have several regulatory strategies that can be utilized in jealousy eliciting situations. Three possible regulatory strategies that might be used by toddler and preschool siblings when confronted with jealousy are (a) to interfere with the interaction between their mother and sibling, (b) to direct anger toward either their mother or sibling, and/or (c) to focus attention on alternative pleasurable activities (i.e., play; Volling et. al., 2014). Children who successfully cope to distress in jealousy eliciting situations engage in self-focused, exploratory play while monitoring the mother-infant interaction rather than protesting or physically interfering (Volling et. al., 2014). Firstborn children who were highly dysregulated during jealousy eliciting situations are at an increased risk for expressing more negative affect. Furthermore, children’s inability to regulate their jealousy may be suggestive of poor emotion regulation skills, which may, in turn, be detrimental to sibling relationship quality (Kolak Voling, 2011). In contrast, firstborn children who are better regulated (i.e. better able to regulate their jealousy) appear to have the essential emotion regulation skills for engaging positively with their siblings (Kolak Voling, 2011). Children’s ability to regulate emotions during jealousy eliciting situations is a critical component for successful relationships with their sibling (Kolak Voling, 2011). But, little is known about children’s ability to regulate emotions during jealousy eliciting situations and its impact on the quality of the sibling relationship later in development. The only support is from Kolak and Volling (2011) that found that jealousy and dysregulation is related to more troubled sibling interactions two years later. The Current Study The current study is a longitudinal design that will address three aims: (a) to examine if the birth of a sibling elicits jealousy in the firstborn child, (b) to examine if the firstborn’s jealousy of their infant sibling is related to their sibling relationship quality five years later, and finally, (c) to examine if the firstborn’s attachment and emotion regulation moderates the relationship between the birth of a sibling and jealousy (Figure 1). Prior research on the birth of a sibling has described some children as clingy, anxious-withdrawn, or oppositional after the birth (Volling et. al., 2014), so we hypothesized that (a) children who have a secure attachment with their mother before the birth of their sibling will not experience as much jealousy as insecurely attached children, and (b) children who demonstrate better emotion regulation skills will not experience as much jealousy as less emotionally regulated children. Due to individual differences, different pat terns of jealousy and its impact on sibling relationship quality will emerge five years later. References Ainsworth, M.D.S., Blehar, M.C., Waters, E., Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. New York, NY: Basic Books. Buist, K. L., Paalman, C. H., Branje, S. J. T., DekoviĆ¡, M., Reitz, E., Verhoeven, M., Meeus, W. H. J., Koot, H. M, Hale,William W., I.,II. (2014). Longitudinal effects of sibling relationship quality on adolescent problem behavior: A cross-ethnic comparison.Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,20(2), 266-275. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033675 Campos, J., Mumme, D. L., Kermoian, R., Campos, R.(1994). Commentary: A functionalist perspective on the nature of emotion. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2-3, Serial No. 240). Dunn, J. (1988). The beginnings of social understanding. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Hupka, R. B. (1984). Jealousy: Compound emotion or label for a particular situation? Motivation and Emotion, 8, 141-155. Kendrick, C., Dunn, J. (1982). Protest or pleasure? The response of first-born children to interactions between their mothers and infant siblings. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 23, 117-129. Kolak, A. M., Volling, B. L. (2011). Sibling jealousy in early childhood: longitudinal links to sibling relationship quality. Infant Child Development, 20(2), 213-226. doi:10.1002/icd.690 Teti, D. M., Ablard, K. E. (1989). Security of attachment and infant–sibling relationships: A laboratory study. Child Development, 60, 1519–1528. doi:10.2307/1130940 Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 59(2-3, Serial No. 240). Touris, M., Kromelow, S., Harding, C. (1995). Mother-firstborn attachment and the birth of a sibling.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,65(2), 293-297. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0079614 Volling, B. L. (2001). Early attachment relationships as predictors of preschool childrens emotion regulation with a distressed sibling.Early Education and Development,12(2), 185-207. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15566935eed1202_2 Volling, B. L., Yu, T., Gonzalez, R., Kennedy, D. E., Rosenberg, L., Oh, W. (2014). Children’s responses to mother–infant and father–infant interaction with a baby sibling: Jealousy or joy?Journal of Family Psychology,28(5), 634-644. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037811 Volling, B. L., Yu, T., Gonzalez, R., Kennedy, D. E., Rosenberg, L., Oh, W. (2014). Children’s responses to mother–infant and father–infant interaction with a baby sibling: Jealousy or joy?Journal of Family Psychology,28(5), 634-644. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037811 White, G. L., Mullen, P. E. (1989). Jealousy: Theory, research, and clinical strategies. New York: Guilford Press. Figure 1.

21st Century Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alternatives to animal testing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Imagine you are walking down the cosmetics isle at your grocery store. While picking up some deodorant or toothpaste, have you ever stopped to think if your favorite product has been tested on animals? You probably haven’t, but the chances are very high that it has been. Two of the main reasons why companies continue to use animals to test their products are to determine possible dangers to human health and to avoid product liability suits, but now there are many reliable tests that can be conducted to determine the safety of products without the use of animals. To better understand this important issue I will discuss how animal testing began, what companies do and do not test products on animals, some alternatives to animal testing, and the awareness and prevention that demands our help.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Experimentation on live animals began as early as the 17th Century. Philosopher Jeremy Bentham rejected Philosopher Rene Descartes’ theory that animals are not able to reason and therefore do not feel pain. Bentham’s philosophy on animals was: â€Å" The question is not can they reason? Nor, can they talk? but, can they suffer? â€Å". The practice of testing cosmetics on...

Viewers Perceptions of On-Air Cursing Essay -- essays research papers

This study used a 2 x 2 x 2 design to examine the effects of warning labels, bleeping, and gender on viewers' perceptions and enjoyment of a docu-drama. We also examined the individual difference variable of verbal aggressiveness to test for possible interactions. Overall, the warning labels increased enjoyment of the program containing profanity among college students. Bleeping had no effect on either program liking or perceptions of realism; however, bleeping decreased perceptions of the program's offensiveness, and increased viewers' perceptions of profanity frequently estimates. Lastly, verbally aggressive participants perceived the program as more realistic, and the language as less offensive ********** The Telecommunications Act of 1996 mandated that broadcasters in the United States adopt program age and content ratings in order to help viewers make program viewing decisions. Since then, not only have program ratings and warning labels become a more familiar sight on television programs, but the very content that viewers are being warned about (e.g., profanity) appears to be occurring more frequently (Bauder, 2002). Research has examined the effect of age and content ratings and warning labels on children's program liking and perceptions of content, and found that in some circumstances, warnings and ratings have effects opposite those intended by the legislators (see, for example, Cantor & Harrison, 1996). Considerably less research has examined the effect on adults' perceptions of content (however, see Bushman, 1997). Furthermore, a majority of the research examines the effects of ratings and warnings on violent content (e.g., Cantor & Harrison, 1996; Cantor, Harrison, & Nathanso n, 1998; Herman & Leyens, 1977) or educational content (Krcmar & Albada, 2000). Little, if any research has examined the effect of ratings and warnings on attitudes toward, and perceptions of, other potentially objectionable material such as cursing. It may be interesting to ask, therefore, if assigning a warning label affects how adult viewers interpret and recall cursing when it appears in television programs. In addition to the use of program warnings, there are increasing numbers of cable channels available to viewers which may have served to loosen some norms regarding appropriate standards for programming. For example, in a recent airing of A Sea... ...estudy/main.asp Pashler, H.E. (1999). The psychology of attention. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Rohsenow, D. J., & Bachorowski, J. (1984). Effects of alcohol and expectancies on verbal aggression in men and women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 418-432. Triesman, A. (1964). The effect of irrelevant material on the efficiency of selective listening. American Journal of Psychology, 77, 533-546. Underwood, G., & Murray, N. (1971). Shadowing and monitoring for selective attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23, 284-295. Wurtzel, A., & Surlin, S. (1978). Viewer attitudes toward television advisory warnings. Journal of Broadcasting, 22(1), 19-31 Marina Krcmar (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison) is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. Her research interests include effect of violent television on children and the impact of media policy on families. Steve H. Sohn is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. His research interests include media effects on body image and media effects on consumers' advertising message process. Viewers Perceptions of On-Air Cursing Essay -- essays research papers This study used a 2 x 2 x 2 design to examine the effects of warning labels, bleeping, and gender on viewers' perceptions and enjoyment of a docu-drama. We also examined the individual difference variable of verbal aggressiveness to test for possible interactions. Overall, the warning labels increased enjoyment of the program containing profanity among college students. Bleeping had no effect on either program liking or perceptions of realism; however, bleeping decreased perceptions of the program's offensiveness, and increased viewers' perceptions of profanity frequently estimates. Lastly, verbally aggressive participants perceived the program as more realistic, and the language as less offensive ********** The Telecommunications Act of 1996 mandated that broadcasters in the United States adopt program age and content ratings in order to help viewers make program viewing decisions. Since then, not only have program ratings and warning labels become a more familiar sight on television programs, but the very content that viewers are being warned about (e.g., profanity) appears to be occurring more frequently (Bauder, 2002). Research has examined the effect of age and content ratings and warning labels on children's program liking and perceptions of content, and found that in some circumstances, warnings and ratings have effects opposite those intended by the legislators (see, for example, Cantor & Harrison, 1996). Considerably less research has examined the effect on adults' perceptions of content (however, see Bushman, 1997). Furthermore, a majority of the research examines the effects of ratings and warnings on violent content (e.g., Cantor & Harrison, 1996; Cantor, Harrison, & Nathanso n, 1998; Herman & Leyens, 1977) or educational content (Krcmar & Albada, 2000). Little, if any research has examined the effect of ratings and warnings on attitudes toward, and perceptions of, other potentially objectionable material such as cursing. It may be interesting to ask, therefore, if assigning a warning label affects how adult viewers interpret and recall cursing when it appears in television programs. In addition to the use of program warnings, there are increasing numbers of cable channels available to viewers which may have served to loosen some norms regarding appropriate standards for programming. For example, in a recent airing of A Sea... ...estudy/main.asp Pashler, H.E. (1999). The psychology of attention. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Rohsenow, D. J., & Bachorowski, J. (1984). Effects of alcohol and expectancies on verbal aggression in men and women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 418-432. Triesman, A. (1964). The effect of irrelevant material on the efficiency of selective listening. American Journal of Psychology, 77, 533-546. Underwood, G., & Murray, N. (1971). Shadowing and monitoring for selective attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23, 284-295. Wurtzel, A., & Surlin, S. (1978). Viewer attitudes toward television advisory warnings. Journal of Broadcasting, 22(1), 19-31 Marina Krcmar (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison) is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. Her research interests include effect of violent television on children and the impact of media policy on families. Steve H. Sohn is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. His research interests include media effects on body image and media effects on consumers' advertising message process.

Personal Narrative: Fate :: essays research papers

I gazed out the window, amazed at how the sun rose from the horizon and illuminated the dimly lit car. It was the beginning of August but my teeth chattered violently as I sat against the cold seat. My grandfather was wise to insist that I change from my bathing suit before we left from our annual trip in Atlantic City, New Jersey, however, my sister and I choose to spend our last minutes merrily wadding in the ocean. A feeble yawn escaped my lips as I felt the cold penetrate through the flimsy blanket and make my clothes cling to my skin. I was going home. I had anticipated the trip all summer long and now that it was over, I wanted one more swim, one more ride, and one more delightful taste of fluffy cotton candy. It was time to go back to the reality of an unhealthy grandma and the fear of death. My grandma was an alcoholic and I had grown used to the numerous trips to the hospital and the promises of change with the apologies of regret. Day after day, she would sit in the old flower-patterned wooden chair drinking the forty-ounce beer, which she weakly tried to obfuscate in the wrinkled brown paper bag. At the innocent age of eleven, I knew about the evil brown elixir that she tried to conceal and the smell of it made my nostrils flare and stomach churn in repulsion. The silence in the car became deafening as the reality of what awaited me at home became translucent. The doctors would do as they always did, give her advice, the number to a rehabilitation center and she would come home with a cry of redemption. After a week of abstinence and several incidents of violence, she would sooth her emotions with a drink. In order to regain composure she needed divine intervention and the support of her family. Unlike most of the members of my family, I still believed that she was capable of recovery but I was also slowly losing faith in her. Before we left for New Jersey, she had learned that her liver was failing and she had no more chances to rectify her life. She had to stop. Through my tired eyes, I observed a feathery white cloud float across the sky and obscure the radiant sun. We were almost home and I could not get the haunting thoughts out of my head.

Religious Toleration Essay

In early Europe, many places established a strong sense of church. This was normally established by the ruler and how the ruler thought the land should practice. When the Protestant reformation came around, this boiled up many different controversies with toleration. The 16th to 18th centuries saw a lot of diverse arguments and practices concerning religious toleration. From different people all over, the ideas varied greatly with some people only wanting their religions to exist, others giving some leeway for other religions to live on, while some compromising for the good of their own people or followers. Toleration was accepted by some and rejected by others in Europe. William Prince of Orange wanted to ensure to keep his country safe so his proclamation to the people of the Netherlands stating that religious toleration was needed so Spain could not potentially harm them, therefore tolerance was a way to keep the peace inside their country (DOC 2). In 1649, the _Agreement of the Free People of England_ pamphlet wrote on how the anguish of persecution is caused by religious problems (Doc 6). Voltaire, a French writer and philosopher, writes about how if one religion was allowed in England the government could become heavily tyrannical therefore he states that religious toleration would bring peace and let people live happily (DOC 11). No toleration from the some of the Roman and French people was evident against the Protestants. King Louis XIV of France in 1685 forbids the subjects of Protestant religion in any place because of the evils, troubles, and confusion in his country, therefore he doesn’t believe Protestants should be allowed anywhere under any circumstances (DOC 8). Going completely against what Luther believes, Maria Theresa has her belief that if there is no subordination in the church, how will people live? Putting salvation at  stake when bringing other religions into the picture is what outraged many people in the sixteenth to eighteenth century (Doc 12). A French Catholic aristocrat, Paul Hay du Chastelet, wanted to give his opinion and pleas that the unity of one belief binds the men together and keeps all the men at the same altar who will rarely fight each other, therefore the princes are obligated to pick the religion of the region they are in charge of (DOC 7). The two most discussed topic in the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries would be the toleration and non-toleration of religions. Some people made compromises so there was no fighting or keeping the peace between people. Glabbais in 1691 opens up a new Catholic church and states that no offense between the Protestants and Catholics will happen when going to and from church. Also, there will be a specific meeting place for Catholics so no trouble is caused (Doc 9). Also, when King Henry IV of France wrote the famous Edict of Nantes, it permitted reformed religions to live in the places of his Kingdom. The Edict explains how the people of the reformed religion will keep everything contained (Doc 5). The other way the compromise was achieved was through keeping the religions separated. This meant that one religion would be observed quietly and peacefully in their home. This was mostly accommodated to the Lutherans and the Lutherans had to stay where their religion thrives (Doc 10). The religious toleration in the 16th through 18th centuries brought a lot of talk between the arguments and practices of religions. There were people who agreed that religion should all coexist together, have only one practice control everyone, or some with a compromise for the good of their own people. Religious tolerance was a term that was debated and capitalized on for most states and Kingdoms during the Protestant Reformation.